The country is divided into five administrative regions, which are subdivided into 16 districts. The district has both highlands and lowlands. In September 2014 there were many Districts with travel restrictions including Kailahun, Kenema, Bombali, Tonkolili, and Port Loko because of Ebola. The current Governor of the Bank of Sierra Leone Kaifala Marah is an ethnic Kuranko. The Western Area is divided into two districts. [107], Deforestation, both for commercial timber and to make room for agriculture, is the major concern and represents an enormous loss of natural economic wealth to the nation. The Lumley-Aberdeen beach stretches all the way from Cape Sierra Leone down to Lumley. Covering a total area of 71,740km2 (27,699sqmi),[12] Sierra Leone has a tropical climate, with diverse environments ranging from savanna to rainforests. In eastern Sierra Leone the plateau is interspersed with high mountains, where Mount Bintumani reaches 1,948m (6,391ft), the highest point in the country. By geographical area, Koinadugu District is the largest by several thousand square kilometers. Under President Stevens, the SSD had been a powerful personal force used to maintain his hold on power, independent from the Sierra Leone Military and Sierra Leone Police Force. The Western Area Urban District exclusively comprises the entire city of Freetown, the national capital, and its divided into the . The park is home to elephants, hippos, buffaloes, and many chimpanzees its also listed as a protected area by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). In 1978, the APC-dominant parliament approved a new constitution making the country a one-party state. Sierra Leone's tropical climate, heavy annual rainfall, and abundance of rivers give it the potential to realistically pursue more solar and hydropower alternatives. Margai was accused of favouring members of his own Mende ethnic group for prominent positions. The small but significant Krio people (descendants of freed African American, West Indian and Liberated African slaves who settled in Freetown between 1787 and about 1885) make up about 3% of the population. Sierra Leone is subdivided into four regions which are the Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western Provinces which are further subdivided into 14 districts. [90] The NPRC Junta immediately suspended the constitution, banned all political parties, limited freedom of speech and freedom of the press and enacted a rule-by-decree policy, in which soldiers were granted unlimited powers of administrative detention without charge or trial, and challenges against such detentions in court were precluded. Highlighting the specifics, the report shows that women still make up the majority of Sierra Leones population at three million, eight hundred and twenty thousand, nine hundred and fifty-five (3,820,955) which is 50.6% of the total population. Several prominent members of the Momoh government who had been in detention at the Pa Demba Road prison, including former inspector general of police Bambay Kamara, were also executed.[91]. Humphrey J. Fisher (1969), "Elections and Coups in Sierra Leone, 1967". The Parliament of Sierra Leone is unicameral, with 146 seats. The 2021 census is a mid-term census. [209], Children who have been forced to be part of a war have experienced severe mental and emotional damage in Sierra Leone. [82], Stevens had Bangura arrested in 1970 and charged with conspiracy and treason. [98] The epidemic occurred as part of the wider Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. On 19 July 1975, 14 senior army and government officials, including David Lansana, former cabinet minister Mohamed Sorie Forna (father of writer Aminatta Forna), Brigadier General Ibrahim Bash Taqi and Lieutenant Habib Lansana Kamara were executed after being convicted of attempting a coup to topple president Stevens' government. More and more of the country fell into the hands RUF fighters, and by 1994 they had gotten control of much of the diamond-rich Eastern Province and were getting close toward the capital Freetown. Sivapragasam, Michael, "Why Did Black Londoners not join the Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme 17831815?" The topography of the province is mostly hilly woodlands, and the land supports a range of endangered species. As of May 2014, the country's only international airport had regularly scheduled direct flights to London, Paris, Brussels and most major cities in West Africa. Along the streets of towns and cities across Sierra Leone, one can find foods consisting of fruit, vegetables and snacks such as fresh mangoes, oranges, pineapple, fried plantains, ginger beer, fried potato, fried cassava with pepper sauce; small bags of popcorn or peanuts, bread, roasted corn, or skewers of grilled meat or shrimp. But if a woman gets married, she will not be entitled as the head of the house any more. Between 1991 and 2001, about 50,000 people were killed in Sierra Leone's civil war. Hence, the country formally became known as the Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate or simply British Sierra Leone. The country has three universities: Fourah Bay College, founded in 1827 (the oldest university in West Africa),[214] University of Makeni (established initially in September 2005 as The Fatima Institute, the college was granted university status in August 2009, and assumed the name University of Makeni, or UNIMAK), and Njala University, primarily located in Bo District. For example, some of the Liberated Africans were forced to change their name to a more Western sounding one. This condition often drives women into poverty and isolation.[229]. Charles Taylor then leader of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia reportedly helped form the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) under the command of former Sierra Leonean army corporal Foday Saybana Sankoh, an ethnic Temne from Tonkolili District in Northern Sierra Leone. In the 1972 by-elections, the opposition SLPP complained of intimidation and procedural obstruction by the APC and militia. The widely spoken dialect and the main language of communication in the city is the Krio. Bureh was allowed to return in 1905, when he resumed his chieftaincy of Kasseh. Some of that is smuggled, where it is possibly used for money laundering or financing illicit activities. No style is the best. Corporal Gborie quickly went to the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Services headquarters in New England, Freetown to announce the coup to a shocked nation and to alert all soldiers across the country to report for guard duty. Sierra Leone has one of the world's largest deposits of rutile, a titanium ore used as paint pigment and welding rod coatings. An alleged plot to overthrow president Stevens failed in 1974 and its leaders were executed. Koidu Town is ethnically diverse, and the primary language is the Krio language. The judicial power of Sierra Leone is vested in the judiciary, headed by the Chief Justice of Sierra Leone and comprising the Supreme Court of Sierra Leone, which is the highest court in the country, meaning that its rulings, therefore, cannot be appealed against. [210] Males, on the other hand, presented higher levels of anxiety and hostility. Bai Sherbro was a chief and warrior on Bonthe Island, in the southwestern part of the country. In the late 18th century, many African Americans claimed the protection of the British Crown. There were thousands of these Black Loyalists, people of African descent who joined the British military forces during the American Revolutionary War. The populations quoted above for the five largest cities are from the 2004 census. [159] There is also potential for several new hydroelectric plants to be opened on the Sewa River, Pampana River, Seli River, Moa River, and Little Scarcies. In October 2000, a UN-approved certification system for exporting diamonds from the country was put in place and led to a dramatic increase in legal exports. Aside from the human cost, the outbreak was severely eroding the economy. In the south, the plains comprise a rolling wooded country where isolated hills rise abruptly to more than 1,000 feet (300 metres). Problems experienced with access to the Internet include an intermittent electricity supply and a slow connection speed in the country outside Freetown. There are five hundred Ahmadiyya Mosque across Sierra Leone. Kushe O! The Susu and Yalunka are both descendants of migrants from Guinea; they both are virtually all Muslims at over 99%. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. With a new decentralisation policy, embodied in the Local Government Act of 2004, responsibility for water supply in areas outside the capital was passed from the central government to local councils. Bio is the leader of the Sierra Leone People's Party, the current ruling party in Sierra Leone. [30], Sierra Leone's dense tropical rainforest and swampy environment were considered impenetrable; it was also host to the tsetse fly, which carried a disease fatal to horses and the zebu cattle used by the Mande-speaking people. The Crown subdued the revolt by bringing in forces of more than 500Jamaican Maroons, whom they transported from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) via Nova Scotia in 1800. The Njala University is the second largest university in Sierra Leone located in Bo city. The Aberdenn-Lumley area is a favourite destination for those venturing into the city's nightlife. The army was devoted to Bangura, and this made him potentially dangerous to Stevens. The national capital Freetown sits on a coastal peninsula, situated next to the Sierra Leone Harbour. They began moving into Sierra Leone slowly and peacefully in the eighteenth century. In 1462, Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra mapped the hills surrounding what is now Freetown Harbour, naming the shaped formation Serra da Leoa or "Serra Leoa" (Portuguese for Lioness Mountains). Radio is the most popular and most-trusted media in Sierra Leone, with 85% of people having access to a radio and 72% of people in the country listening to the radio daily. The name Yalunka literally means "inhabitants of the Jallon (mountains)". "Female Genital Cutting: Current Practices and Beliefs in Western Africa." The majority of newspapers are privately run and are often critical of the government. The SLPP, which was then the most popular political party in the colony of Sierra Leone as well as being supported by the powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, won the most seats in Parliament and Margai was re-elected as Chief Minister by a landslide. Sierra Leone has other smaller cities and towns that make up the geographic region of the country. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 14 districts. [209] However, female household does change depending on their marital status. The president is the most powerful government official in Sierra Leone.[114]. The Sierra Leone cricket team represents Sierra Leone in international cricket competitions and is among the best in West Africa. This is due to substandard safety standards.[154]. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. It is a sweet, lightly fermented palm wine,[245] and is found in bars in towns and villages across the country. The taxes were often higher than the value of the dwellings, and 24 chiefs signed a petition to Cardew, stating how destructive this was; their people could not afford to take time off from their subsistence agriculture. Graphic maps of the area around 8 33' 36" N, 13 31' 30" W. There are many color schemes to choose from. The standard of print journalism tends to be low owing to lack of training, and people trust the information published in newspapers less than that found on the radio.[257]. Its members represented both British who hoped to inspire local entrepreneurs and those with interest in the Macauley & Babington Company, which held the (British) monopoly on Sierra Leone trade. [233], Mental healthcare in Sierra Leone is almost non-existent. In Freetown, the Guma Valley Water Company remains in charge of the water supply. The first is the Guma plant which was decommissioned in 1982, the second is the Dodo Plant which is located in the Eastern Province, and finally the Bumbuna plant. The Eastern Province is located on the eastern side of Sierra Leone and borders Guinea and Liberia as well as two other Sierra Leone provinces. In December 2005, UN peacekeeping forces pulled out of Sierra Leone. The service began broadcasting television in 1963, with coverage extended to all the districts in the country in 1978. The Temne predominate in the Northern Sierra Leone and some areas around the capital of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone's Freetown is a favourite destination for tourists. In addition, it stated that: The population size of Sierra Leone in 2021 has more than tripled since the first modern census that was conducted in 1963. In 1792 nearly 1,200 persons from Nova Scotia crossed the Atlantic to build the second (and only permanent) Colony of Sierra Leone and the settlement of Freetown on 11 March 1792. Just like Freetown, Bo has an ethnically diverse population but is home to the Mende people, and the primary language is the Krio language. Based on the commission's recommendations, a constitution re-establishing a multi-party system was approved by the exclusive APC Parliament by a 60% majority vote, becoming effective on 1 October 1991. After taking over, President Kabbah immediately opened dialogue with the RUF and invited their leader Foday Sankoh for peace negotiations.[22]. Sierra Leone is also a member of the United Nations and its specialised agencies, the African Union, the African Development Bank (AFDB), the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). 2004 saw a population of four million, nine hundred and seventy-six thousand eight hundred and seventy-one (4,976,871) and in the 2015 census Sierra Leone recorded a total population of seven million and ninety-two thousand, one hundred and thirteen (7,092,113), the last census before the latest mid-term population and housing census which indicated a total of eight hundred and forty-three thousand two hundred and fifty-four (843,254) residential buildings, whilst for non-residential a total of seven thousand five hundred and three ( 7,503). The coup plot led to the execution of seventeen soldiers by firing squad. Waterloo is located about twenty miles east of Freetown. [87] This move led to another major demonstration against the government in many parts of the country, but it was also put down by the army and Stevens' SSD force. [209], In Sierra Leone, normally, men are automatically positioned as household heads; and their status does not change if their marital status changes over time. Koroma suspended the constitution, banned demonstrations, shut down all private radio stations in the country and invited the RUF to join the new junta government, with its leader Foday Sankoh as the Vice-Chairman of the new AFRC-RUF coalition junta government. The city was established by Lieutenant John Clarkson, African American ex-slaves and free people known as the Nova Scotian Settlers on March 11th, 1792, making Freetown the oldest capital created by African Americans. These included Nigerians, Ghanaians, Ivorians and many more, especially in the fields of theology and education. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. Compared to the 2000 survey access has increased in urban areas, but has declined in rural areas, possibly because facilities have broken down because of a lack of maintenance.[236][238]. Sierra Leone Police was established by the British colony in 1894; it is one of the oldest police forces in West Africa. [148] Agriculture accounted for 58 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007. Credit card use is limited in Sierra Leone, though they may be used at some hotels and restaurants. The Military of Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF), are the unified armed forces of Sierra Leone responsible for the territorial security of Sierra Leone's border and defending the national interests of Sierra Leone within the framework of its international obligations. In June 2005, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) and BirdLife International agreed to support a conservation-sustainable development project in the Gola Forest in south eastern Sierra Leone,[113] an important surviving fragment of rainforest in Sierra Leone. [160] This change will attempt to encourage foreign investment while providing affordable, quality solar products to its citizens. Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a directly elected president and a unicameral legislature. In 2001, the government created a mining community development fund (DACDF), which returns a portion of diamond export taxes to diamond mining communities. Instead, it borders two domestic provinces and the Atlantic Ocean. Sierra Leone is the first African country to join the International Floorball Federation. Bo District Bombali District Bonthe District Kailahun District Kambia District Kenema District Koinadugu District Kono District Moyamba District The president of the United Council of Imam is Sheikh Alhaji Muhammad Habib Sheriff. The country's national television network, The Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) broadcasts the national football team live match, along with many local radio stations across the country. The 20 Biggest Football Stadiums in the World, The Top 10 Largest Deserts in the World: A Journey Through Vast, Diverse Landscapes, Highest Mountains in the World (higher than 8,000 meters), Tourism in the Philippines: 20 Reasons to Visit. The highlands rise up to 700 feet, and are the highest in Sambaia Bendugu chiefdom. Stevens began efforts that would later improve transportation and movements between the provinces and the city of Freetown. Those with access in rural areas were served almost exclusively by protected wells. In the north, from 1820 to 1906, there was a Limba chief named Almamy Suluku who ruled his territory for many years, fighting to protect his territory, while at the same time using diplomacy to trick the protectorate administrators while sending fighters to assist Bai Bureh, a prominent Temne chief in Kasseh who was fighting against the imposition of the "hut tax" by the colonial administrators. [79] Not having the capital to start a new business is the biggest barrier for women. Be the first to get the latest news, music and videos trending in Sierra Leone. The central African countries are the most prevalent of EVD; like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, and Gabon[239], In 2014 there was an outbreak of the Ebola virus in West Africa. The Loko in the north are native people of Sierra Leone, believed to have lived in Sierra Leone since the time of European encounter. The Eastern Province is divided into three districts: Located in the northern region of Sierra Leone is the countrys Northern Province. [262] However, the team was unable to obtain Canadian visas to play in the tournament, which was held in Toronto.[263]. The first of these goals is to provide solar power to at least 50,000 homes in 2016, the second is 250,000 homes by 2017, and finally to provide power to 1,000,000 people by 2020. [39], The settlers that remained forcibly captured land from a local African chieftain, but he retaliated, attacking the settlement, which was reduced to a mere 64 settlers comprising 39 black men, 19 black women, and six white women. [17], The geographic area has been inhabited for millennia, but Sierra Leone, as the country and its borders are known today, was founded by the British Crown in two phases: first, the coastal Sierra Leone Colony in 1808 (for returning Africans after the abolition of slavery); second, the inland Protectorate in 1896 (as the Crown needed to establish more dominion inland following the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885). Siaka Stevens retired from politics in November 1985 after being in power for eighteen years. The figure for Freetown is for the Western Urban Area (Greater Freetown). Waterloo is the second largest city in the Western Area region of Sierra Leone, after Freetown. The Colony was Freetown and its coastal area; the Protectorate was defined as the hinterland areas dominated by local chiefs. Children, youth and adult are frequently seen playing street football across Sierra Leone. Based on 2015 estimates of the population of Sierra Leone, 77% of the population are Muslims, 22% are Christians, and 1% practise African traditional religion. Within a month they had driven RUF fighters back to enclaves along Sierra Leone's borders and cleared the RUF from the Kono diamond-producing areas of Sierra Leone. Though rich in diamonds, it has historically struggled to manage their exploitation and export. Helicopters are also available from the airport to other major cities in the country.
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